Although most people may think that plumbing is a modern invention, the practice of using pipes to transport water, as well as remove sewage has been in use throughout different parts of the world for thousands of years. In fact evidence of sophisticated systems have been dug up by archeologist investigating ancient civilizations in China, India (where clay pipes sealed with asphalt were found dating back some 4700 years), and Persia, not to mention Greece and throughout the Roman Empire. So while Atlanta plumbers like myself might like to believe that we have created new techniques for this industry, chances are we have just re-invented the wheel.
Yet, there were little if any improvements in these systems until the 1800’s when cities finally began to develop underground networks of pipes to replace commonly used open ditches and sewers in the name of public health, as well as develop sewage treatment plants to protect natural water sources such as rivers and lakes, etc.
In addition, while some countries made pipes from bamboo, stone or clay, lead was the most common material used from Roman times until the middle of the twentieth century, when it was replaced with elements such as copper, brass and non-toxic plastics. However, while lead is no longer used for drinking water, it is still found in some modern day vent lines and drains. These are also made from steel and cast iron, as well as plastic.
The other major change in plumbing is the fact that while old fashioned plumbing systems relied heavily on gravity to function, current water supply networks are driven by high pressure pumps.
In addition, just about all work related to any kind of plumbing installations as well as repairs is regulated by municipal governments and must meet specific guidelines and codes to insure the safety and well being of the general population as a whole, and cannot be performed without obtaining a license or special permits. And while handy homeowners may be able to do some simple jobs such as fixing a toilet, unclogging drains and repairing minor leaks as well as changing faucets, etc., most jobs today require the services of professional plumbers and contractors.